Saturday, August 2, 2008

Linux and Open Source


I know several readers of this blog are reading it for their interest in Linux and not so much for their interest in education. However, let me speak specifically to the educators for a moment. Besides, this is going to be a long post. A lot of us are looking at our schools and seeking ways to improve the application of 21st Century Skills into our environments. Many of us have recognized that the traditional models of instruction need to be shaken up a little as they are no longer reflective of the world in which we are sending our students. That was never more clear to me than this week. I spent the week in Austin, Texas as a guest of the Linux Foundation at their Collaboration Summit. What I observed and experienced was the most comprehensive actualization of the 21st Century workplace I could have imagined.Though, at Whitfield, we are merging several notions of 21st Century learning to create one that best fits our school (something I would encourage you all to do) for the purpose of greater clarity, I will use the framework from the Partnership for 21st Century Skills (“P21”) as a model for this discussion. The model identifies a new skill set for our consideration and suggests a framework for creating a sustainable environments for this kind of learning. The framework on which the skills are built is very good but will not be discussed in this post. Instead I will focus on the “rainbow” of 21st Century Skills.
Before I get into the model, I'd like to provide a little background on the Linux Foundation Collaboration Summit. The Linux Foundation is one of the key bodies dedicated to the support of the use of Linux, an open source operating system. Linux is not owned by a company, like Microsoft or Apple. Instead, it is created and maintained by groups of individuals from around the globe dedicated to making it work. Now, many of these teams include people from companies interested in seeing Linux succeed, such as IBM, Novell, Oracle, Google and Redhat. However, none of them “own” Linux and it can not really be sold. However, several companies, such as Novell and RedHat sell versions of Linux that include enterprise level support. Linux has prolific deployment in data centers. Almost everyone has Linux in their server room. However, most may not know it. It is usually an appliance, like a spam filter or remote access appliance, or a router. At home you may have Linux in your TiVO, television or car. I was invited to the conference to talk about how our students use Linux on their laptops. It was a chance for those who build it to hear how it is used by those who have little to no idea what is “under the hood.” I was honored to be there and they were extremely gracious hosts. However, for me, the magic was watching them collaborate during their few days together to identify issues, hash out conflicts and map out solutions.OK. How was this 21st Century Skills? Oddly enough, it had very little to do with the technology. Instead it was all the things that show up in P21's Framework. The “rainbow” section of the framework has four parts; Core Content and 21st Century Themes, Learning and Innovation Skills, Information Media and Technology Skills, and Life and Career Skills. I will briefly break down each of those and discuss my observations of each.The inside of the “rainbow” is Core Content and 21st Century Skills. New information is being created at an incredible rate. However, that doesn't mean we no longer need to learn fundamentals like reading, writing and math. We still need those basic skills as a foundation for new and ever changing information and knowledge. However, those skills can be taught in a cross curricular-manner within the context of a 21st century theme such as globalization.At the Collaboration Summit, software developers from around the globe came together to discuss development standards. However, questions like legal access to DVD codecs and compatibility and adoption of standards within different media players colored the conversations. It wasn't enough to know “what” to code or “how” to code it. That's the “easy” part! Developers had to take international law as well as regional and global market demands into consideration. Though we all know information doesn't exist in a vacuum, it was instantly clear just how interdependent the discipline of their training was with critical information outside of their formal training. This is where executives from companies from HP and Lenovo would come into play. Also, to add further clarity to some of these issues, the Linux Foundation also hosts another conference dedicated exclusively to the legal issues surrounding the implications of their code. However, the point remains that information becomes significantly more relevant (and complicated) when placed in a meaningful context.

Saturday, July 5, 2008

Installation of Ubuntu Linux 8.04

STEP 1

Download Ubuntu
You can now install Ubuntu inside Windows. It will set up a dual boot menu with Windows and Ubuntu. Read more... This guide will show how to install a 32bits (x86) Ubuntu with the GNOME desktop environment. Most of the instructions will work on a 64 bits Ubuntu as well.

The installation options are Ubuntu Desktop
The Ubuntu Desktop CD is so-called LiveCD which allows you to try Ubuntu without installing or changing your computer at all. The desktop will present an icon that lets you install Ubuntu permanently on a hard drive.

The minimum memory requirement... is 384MB for the LiveCD installation. If your system has less memory, install from the Alternate CD which provides a low calory, text based installation. The Alternate CD is available from the same download link below.

Ubuntu Server

Download the iso (CD) image:Browse to http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download and pick the "Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Desktop Edition - Supported to 2011".

There are both 32 bits and 64 bits versions. The Ubuntu 8.04 Server CD is a professional and reliable server operating system with Long Term Support (LTS). LTS means that your installation will receive security updates and support for three years for the Desktop Edition (till the year 2011) and five years for the Server Edition (to year 2013) !

STEP 2

Burn the CD after download:You must burn the CD as a file system image on an empty 700MB CD.
In WindowsFollow this guide to burn the CD https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BurningIsoHowto

Alternatively get DeebBurner Free edition from http://www.deepburner.com/?r=download

Start DeepBurner and select the "Burn ISO image" option to burn the CD.For the best result, burn at slow speed.Here is also a complete example on howto download and burn a Ubuntu CD in Windows...

In Unix/Linux
The Brasero burner (in Ubuntu w/ GNOME) and the amazing K3B burner (in KDE) have special menu selections for burning of iso images. Look for menu selections "Burn image" or "Burn iso image".

STEP 3

The installation:

4a) Start the LiveCD:
Then select the "Try Ubuntu without any change to your computer" option from the menu .

It will load a fully functional Ubuntu Linux desktop. The "Install Ubuntu" selection will let you skip the LiveCD part and it starts the installation straightaway.
After the LiveCD has loaded, nothing has been installed on your hard drives - it all runs from the LiveCD. You can now test-run Ubuntu on your PC before the final installation.Of course, if you downloaded the Alternate CD, it will start the installation straightaway without any LiveCD desktop.

4b) Start the installation
Ok, start permanent installation by clicking the "Install" icon on the desktop. The installation program will let you create and modify the available disk partitions.

4c) PartitioningGuided partitioningChoose "guided" partitioning if possible. It can even resize and create space on an existing Windows harddisk. Manual partitioningIf you want to slice your harddisk manually, create at least these 2 partitions:* The main partition should be at least 10GB of size.The mount point for this is "/" which denotes the root filesystem. The recommended file system type is ext3. It's a reliable journalled file system.* Swap partition should be around 2 times the PC's physical memory and at least 256MB. The filesystem type for this partition must be swap.

STEP 4

Activate display driver:If your computer has a rather new ATI, NVIDIA or Intel's graphic card then you should install a proper (closed source) driver for it. A proper driver will make your desktop very quick and it will let you play games with full hardware acceleration. Also the Compiz 3D effects (in step 10 of this guide) require accelerated graphic support.

5a) Start the "Hardware Drivers" dialog from the System -> Administration -> "Hardware Drivers" menu.
.Note: If you do not see any lines (drivers) in the list then move to step 5d).

5b) Enable the driver:Locate and checkmark the graphics driver in the list. It will Enable and install the driver. In most cases the graphics driver will be NVIDIA or AMD/ATI. Close the dialog after successful installation.

5c) Restart:Reboot, restart your computer via System -> Quit menu.You should also know that the CNTR + ALT + BACKSPACE keys, pressed at the same time, can restart the graphical display (the X).-----

5d) Check screen resolution:I suppose that you have now logged in to your Ubuntu/GNOME desktop. From the main menu, select System -> Preferences -> Screen Resolution dialog. The installer should have detected and set the screen resolution correctly. Anyway, check it and if it's wrong then pick a new screen resolution from the drop-down list
.Move to step 6) if everything is OK.

STEP 5

Internationalization. Language and Keyboard:Keyboard and language settings ara probably OK but check them anyway.

6a) Ubuntu Desktop and its applications have been translated to many languages. You can set the language via System -> Administration -> Language Support menu. See picture_6a. New language settings will take take effect after re-login (System -> Quit -> Log Out - login).

6b) Start the Keyboard dialog from the System -> Preferences -> Keyboard menu. Select the [Layouts] page. Then add new and remove unnecessary keyboard layouts. See picture_6b.

Thursday, July 3, 2008

LAPTOP MODELS

Check out these links for all Laptop version.
Here you can find deatails about each Laptop model and the Linux versions in it....

Acer

Apple

Asus

Compaq

Dell

Fujitsu

Hitachi

HP

IBM

Lenovo

Sony

Toshiba

Zenith

Other